30-Second Quantum Theory: The 50 most thought-provoking quantum concepts, each explained in half a minute (Brian Clegg, 2014)

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  • Planck’s quanta: light is not continuous waves but as self-contained packets
  • If electrons had fixed orbits, jumping between orbits would produce characteristic colours of light
  • Particles could behave like waves just as waves could behave like particles
  • Magnet: the direction of quantum spin of particles determines their magnetic orientation
  • Schrodinger’s equation: locate Hydrogen electrons in different orbits can be predicted by its wavelength
  • The closer we pin down the location of a quantum particle, the less we can know about its momentum
  • Decoherence entangle quantum particles to ensure everyday items stay firm classical
  • Superluminal can travel faster than light due to quantum tunneling
  • Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox: physical reality provided by quantum mechanics was incomplete
  • Qubit can be coaxed into a superposition with laser light; the spinning direction
  • Quantum Zeno effect: if a quantum is observed frequently enough, it will never change state even if the system is unstable; a watched kettle never boils
  • Valance band: band of electrons still bound to the atom and which is responsible for many of the atom’s chemical properties
  • A superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) can detect small variations in magnetic fields, including those produced by the brain
  • 5th state of matter: Bose-Einstein Condensate - produced by reducing a gas of bosons act to extremely low temperature


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