Quantum Mechanics (Kate Shoup, 2018)

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Scientist’s contribution in a nutshell

  • Max Planck: energy is emitted in short bursts rather than continuously
  • Albert Einstein: confirmed Planck’s discovery and conceived a new way to describe light
  • Niels Bohr: developed a new quantum model of the atom
  • Louis de Broglie: like is like matter has wave property
  • Max Born: described the wave characteristic of a particle in mathematical terms
  • Erwin Schrodinger: formulated an equation to calculate the energy level of an electron in an atom
  • Wolfgang Pauli: no two electrons in an atom can occupy the same quantum state at the same time
  • Werner Heisenberg: impossible to measure the position and the momentum of a quantum at the same time
  • Paul Dirac: formulated an equation to describe the behaviour of certain subatomic particles
  • Copernican: heliocentric model of solar system
  • Lisa Meitner: The bombardment of uranium atoms with neutrons split the nucleus inside the uranium atom in half
  • Leo Szilard: nuclear fission can unleash a self-sustaining chain reaction

Common terms and usage

  • Laser is one of many inventions that came from the research in quantum mechanics.
  • Black-body radiation: the thermal electromagnetic radiation within or surrounding a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment, emitted by a black body (an idealized opaque, non-reflective body).
  • Photoelectric effect: the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons.
  • Wave–particle duality: the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave.
  • Fundamental randomness: Heisenberg uncertainty principle, “God does not play dice”
  • Superposition: a quantum can exist in many state at the same time, Schrodinger’s cat
  • Quantum entanglement: when two (or more) quanta become joined together and behave in a highly correlated manner
  • Quantum tunneling: the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a wavefunction can propagate through a potential barrier, e.g. the alpha decay cannot penetrate the nucleic membrane
  • Quantum cryptography: using a new form of cryptography called quantum key distribution (QKD)

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