The Customer-Funded Business: Start, Finance, Or Grow Your Company with Your Customers' Cash (John Mullins, 2014)

Type of models

  • Matchmaker (e.g. expedia & Airbnb)
  • Pay-in-advance (e.g. Dell & via.com)
  • Subscription (e.g. Wall Street Journal & Tutorvista)
  • Scarity-based (e.g. Zara & Lot18)
  • Service-to-product (e.g. Microsoft & GoViral)


Drawbacks to raise capital too early

  • Distraction
  • Pitching vs. proving merits
  • Risk
  • Baggage
  • Difficulty


Ask these before going for an angel

  • Dare to ask what you want?
  • How to make your youth of inexperience not an impediment?
  • Can you ignore the naysayers and pursue your vision?
  • Are you the person that turn lemons into lemonade?
  • Do you underpromise and overdeliver or vice-versa?
  • Do you understand the difference between cashflow and profit?
  • Do you do things differently or copy what has been done before?
  • Can you delegate and not be a control freak?
  • What is your company’s core strength and how to build a reputation around it?
  • What do you bring to the party?
  • How do you know who your target market is?
  • Have you targeted the right market segment in sensible fashion?
  • How to make your business look bigger and more credible?
  • Are you quirky and inventive enough to get noticed by the media?


Matchmaker angel checklist

  • What is your business likely to be the winner that “takes all”?
  • To what extend are you addressing a compelling problem?
  • Is there an overpriced and poor existing market structure that you plan to disrupt?
  • What level of trust will be necessary in your vertical, and how will you ensure it?
  • How to prevent customers from circumventing you?
  • Is your market fragmented on both the buyer’s and seller’s side?
  • Are you targeting narrowly or widely at the outset, and are you building a Honda or a Mercedes-Benz?


Pay in advance angel checklist

  • You are a customer-funded business, why do you need capital now?
  • What’s different about your proposition compared to others?


Subscription angel checklist

  • Does a subscription offer a better and cheaper solution?
  • What is the customer acquisition cost, investment payback period and lifetime value?
  • Are you building technology because you can or because your business depends on it?


Scarcity and flash sales angel checklist

  • What is the depth of the vendor relationships you and your team bring to the table?
  • Is your venture easy to copy, thereby making new competitors likely?
  • Are your metrics about members, or about “paying customers” and their value?
  • Is your plan to “get big fast” or to grow at the pace your customers can fund?
  • Is your business reliant on one stage of the business cycle?


Service-to-product angel checklist

  • What product more compelling than the already successful services you now provide?
  • To what extend it will open up new and attractive market segment?


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