Business Model–the Perspective of Systems Thinking and Innovation (Anders & Iwona, 2022)

Using Systems Thinking to Illustrate Digital Business

• Model Innovation
• Distinctions, Systems, Relationships, and Perspectives (DSRP) framework by Cabrera 
• Causal Loop Diagram (CLD)
• Soft System Methodology (SSM) 

Multisided Platforms: Classification and Analysis

• To show how to extend the Bass equation to MSPs with both same-side and cross-side network effects. 
• To classify two-sided platforms according to same-side and cross-side network effects, and to develop a generic set of first-order differential equations for each class. 
• To show mathematically that the initial growth of the platform may depend on the type of network effects in such a way that the market segments offered by the platform will not start growing unless there are some initial customers. This is often referred to as the “chicken and egg problem”. The strategic challenges are then (i) to identify whether this is the case for the platform and (ii) to determine how to persuade sufficient numbers of customers to start using the platform to reach a threshold at which the growth becomes self-sustained.
• To show that, even with an initial customer base, network effects may result in long latency periods until the market reaches a level at which the revenues from the platform become positive. Such behavior has been observed for, for example, Facebook. This is also a strategic challenge because long latency may motivate the platform provider to terminate the service prematurely. 
• To show that the market growth subject to strong network effects follows an S-curve shape, from slow initial growth (e.g., much slower than linear growth) to rapid growth after the market has exceeded a certain threshold.

Demand-Side Economies of Scope in Big Tech Business Modelling and Strategy

• Dimensions of demand-side economies of scope.
• Focused vs. diversified
• Are the product and service areas that a company offers relatively focused or diversified?
• Horizontal and/or vertical 
• How much emphasis does a company have on horizontal and/or vertical scope and integration?
• Scale and/or scope
• What role do, respectively, scale economies and/or scope economies play?
• Transaction and/or innovation platforms
• Are the platform elements that a company includes transaction platforms and/or innovation platforms?
• Centrality of MSPs
• How central are multi-sided platforms to the overall business model of a company?
• Bundling and/or user data 
• What role do bundling (and tying) and/or use of data on users play for a company?
• M&A and/or indoor development
• Does the addition of new business areas of a company primarily rely on mergers and acquisitions and or in-house development?

How Transformative Business Model Renewal Leads to Sustained Exploratory Business Model Innovation in Incumbents: Insights from a System Dynamics Analysis of Case Studies

• Business Model Innovation (BMI)
• Incremental business model renewal
• Transformative business model renewal
• Business model exploration: corporate entrepreneurship
• Markets
• Total addressable market (TAM)
• Serviceable available market (SAM)
• Serviceable obtainable market (SOM)

The Blitz Canvas: A Business Model Innovation Framework for Software Startups

• The organizational characteristics that are unique to software startups may include
• The ability to prototype and test out concepts quickly.
• The ability to change direction quickly with evolving business scope/user problems.
• The ability to accommodate and handle sudden growth.
• A low barrier to entry—not many resources are required besides manpower, computer systems and internet connectivity.
• The ability to leverage SaaS business models to get a product or service up and running quickly.
• The ability to make changes to the product after it has been shipped, based on user feedback.

DOCS: A Data Ownership Confirmation Scheme for Distributed Data Trading

• Watermarking your data
• Adversary model on system attacks
1. False identity attack. During the transaction process, the counterparty uses a false identity to evade the tracking of data fingerprint.
2. Repeat confirmation attack. After the adversary obtains the data copy of the data owner, it slightly modifies the data copy to obtain a new data ownership certificate, which is confirmed and traded on the chain.
3. Data corruption attack. Data are often stored and processed with the risk of data corruption, such as data loss and data distortion.
4. Illegal distribution. After the adversary obtains the data copy of the data owner, it
5. Shared key attack. The adversary gets access to the data owner’s encrypted data and causes data leakage by sharing the data decryption key.
6. Transaction fraud. In a transaction, the buyer and seller do not stay synchronized in the process of payment and delivery, specifically one peer is spoofed by another peer, resulting in the loss of data or tokens.

FGAC: A Fine-Grained Access Control Framework for Supply Chain Data Sharing

• RBAC (role-based access control) model
• FGAC (fine-grained access control) framework
• DAC (discretionary access control) model
• RBAC (the role-based access control) model
• ABAC (the attribute-based access control) model 
• CapBAC (the capability-based access control)

The Influence of Introducing the Concept of Sustainable System Design Thinking on Consumer Cognition: A Designer’s Perspective

• Sustainable policy
• The extent to which policies and regulations affect consumers’ attitudes towards sustainable consumption.
• Sustainable aesthetic value
• Designers’ perception of aesthetic value and the impact of aesthetic value on sustainable consumption attitude.
• Sustainable innovation value
• Designers’ perception of innovation value and the impact of innovation value on sustainable consumption attitude.
• Sustainable functional value
• Designers’ perception of functional value and the impact of functional value on sustainable consumption attitude.
• Environmental concerns
• The designer’s self-perception of environmental concerns.
• Sustainable consumption attitude
• The actual attitude and evaluation of sustainable products from the consumer perspective.
• Sustainable consumption intention
• The extent to which a consumer’s perspective actually influences decisions about sustainable product

Supporting Luxury Hotel Recovered in Times of COVID-19 by Applying TRIZ Method: A Case Study in Taiwan

• Problem Hierarchy Analysis (PHA) is a powerful tool for identifying hazards early in the design process for problem solving.
• Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskih Zadatch (TRIZ) methodology is a systematic paradigm that converts a specific problem into a general issue, outlines a generic outcome from patents, and returns to the original problem.