Practical Speculation (Laurel Kenner and Victor Niederhoffer, 2003)

  • Opposite mentality
    • Watch out for news claiming bearish to be bullish or vice versa
    • If reported S&P 500 earnings rise in a year, the S&P 500 is likely to perform worse than average that year, and vice versa
    • Computers are generating the news
  • Collective efforts
    • Earnings and the market move up and down together
    • The greater the earnings increases, the higher the market’s return
    • When earnings are up, it is time to buy stocks, and when earnings are down, it is time to sell
    • When the market’s price/earnings (P/E) ratio is high, it is time to sell
  • Company's financial health indicators
    1. Front-end income loading
    2. Borrowing
    3. Capitalizing costs
    4. Timing costs
    5. Timing sales
    6. Acquisitions Accounting I: Writing off R&D
    7. Acquisitions Accounting II: Fuzz
    8. Acquisitions Accounting III: Goodwill
    9. Restructuring charges
    10. Consolidating results
    11. Asset impairment charges
    12. Accounting for stock options
    13. Inventories and receivable
    14. The storehouse
    15. Timing an accounting method switch
    16. Changing auditors
  • Never believe in the price to earning reports or react to it
  • Merrill’s rating system 
    1. Buy
    2. Accumulate
    3. Neutral
    4. Reduce
    5. Sell
  • About trend
    • The trend is your friend in the last hour. (Alan Farley)
    • Never short-sell stocks when they are going up. (Simon Cawkwell)
    • Draw trend lines. (John Murphy)
    • Frequently, what is low will go even lower, and what is high will continue to rise. (Marc Faber)
    • The trend is your friend unless it is about to end. (Thomas DeMark)
  • Candlesticks
    • Beware of deception
  • Hydra head–the well-known TRIN, Short Term Trade Index
    • The ratios used in TRIN often obscure, rather than clarify, market action. This is particularly true when market action is “mixed.”
    • The very process of smoothing TRIN with moving averages distorts the picture of relative volume flows
    • TRIN has a bounded scale for upside activity, but an unbounded scale for downside activity
  • Propaganda Devices and Abelson’s Rhetoric
    • Name calling - Calls evidence of stocks offering superior returns “blah blah.”
    • Glittering generality - “How can you be right all the time?”
    • Testimonial, bandwagon - Describes his distinguished, invariably bearish sources as the most perceptive on Wall Street, “the smart money.”
    • Testimonial - Quotes analysts with bearish forecasts
    • Plain folks - Does not read any financial books. Has no interest in statistics
    • Card-stacking - Relies on indicators as diverse as the strength of the dollar to the salaries of nannies in Greenwich, as long as they offer a bearish forecast
  • Acquisition advice
    • Avoid businesses requiring exquisite management. Buy a company that regular people can run
    • When evaluating an acquisition, picture what it will be like trying to sell it. Look for the type of business that buyers, especially public companies, will want to acquire
    • Avoid mixing acquisition analysis with some other need in your life. Don’t look to acquire a company because it will get you involved with golf or sailing, or because it is in a glamorous location, or because you have been laid off and need a place to work. It is hard enough to be objective analyzing an acquisition on its own merits without throwing in all kinds of personal needs and desires
    • Have a good accountant explain to you how inventory can be used to juggle earnings, and why, for some companies, it is almost impossible for a buyer to determine the accuracy of reported earnings for a given year
    • Time is the friend of a growth company and the enemy of the bargain or value company. The longer you are going to own, the more important to pay up for growth.
  • Speculation direct relationship
    • Direct Relations
    • Better-than-expected earnings
    • Change in investor sentiment toward neglected firms (in January)
    • Dividend yield
    • Earnings growth
    • Earnings yield
    • Insider buying or selling
    • Level of CEO ownership
    • Liquidity
    • Debt level
    • Debt rating
    • Research and development expenditures
    • Ris
    • Sales growth
    • Short-term interest rates greater than long-term rates
    • Similarity to takeover targets in an industry
    • Stock buybacks
  • Inverse Relations
    • Accrued earnings minus cash earnings
    • Excluded expenses in pro forma quarterly earnings reports
    • Float
    • For mutual funds, top rating of fund or manager
    • Inventory increases
    • Membership in industry with superior recent performance
    • Price to book, sales or earnings
    • Return over previous 36 months
    • Rising interest rates
    • Size (depending on latest trend)
  • False conclusions flaws
    • Failure to account for the possibility of randomness
    • Omission of a third variable that causes the other two
    • Failure to consider mobility, or changes in the population itself
    • The fallacy of aggregation
  • Financial predictions ridicules
    • Isn’t it strange how the same people who laugh at gypsy fortunetellers take economists seriously?
    • Ask five economists and you’ll get five different answers, six if one went to Harvard(John Kenneth Galbraith)
    • An economist is an expert who will know tomorrow why things he predicted yesterday didn’t happen today (Laurence J. Peter2)
  • Signs REITs are failing
    • Fuzzy accounting
    • Popular books
    • S&P 500 membership
    • Doc Greenspan
  • Inventory change
    • Demand shifts
    • Overproduction
    • Inventory misstatement

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